Nigeria has recorded a decline in deaths among children under five, but the latest national health figures show that newborn survival remains a concern. Although the country’s under-five mortality rate dropped between 2018 and 2024, neonatal deaths increased during the same period, highlighting the need for stronger healthcare interventions during pregnancy, childbirth and the first weeks of life.
Figures from the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey show that under-five mortality declined from 132 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018 to 110 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2024. However, neonatal mortality increased from 39 to 41 deaths per 1,000 live births.
The figures were highlighted during the 2026 National Health Promotion Day event in Abuja on October 29, where government officials called for greater public participation in preventive healthcare.
Newborn survival remains a critical concern
Neonatal mortality refers to deaths occurring within the first 28 days after birth. This period is particularly important because newborns are vulnerable to complications associated with premature birth, infections, birth complications and conditions that may require immediate medical attention.
The increase from 39 to 41 deaths per 1,000 live births suggests that improvements in overall child survival have not translated into equal progress for newborns.
The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Ali Pate, emphasised the importance of preventive healthcare and stronger health promotion efforts in improving health outcomes across the country.
Reducing newborn deaths requires access to quality antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, safe delivery practices and prompt treatment of complications affecting mothers and babies.
Healthcare facilities also need adequate personnel, essential medicines and equipment to identify and manage newborn health complications early. While the decline in under-five mortality represents progress, the rise in neonatal mortality highlights an area requiring urgent attention.
Strengthening maternal and newborn healthcare services will be essential if Nigeria is to sustain improvements in child survival and ensure that more babies survive their first month of life.
Source: Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation.
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