Better climate policies could prevent an estimated 1.6 million deaths every year, while generating trillions of dollars in economic benefits, according to a new report by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The report, released on November 4, 2026, ahead of the COP31 climate conference, highlights the potential health gains from six interventions covering energy, water, sanitation and protection against extreme heat.
Among the measures is reforming inefficient fossil fuel subsidies and improving fuel pricing policies. WHO estimates that this intervention alone could prevent 1.2 million deaths annually and generate US$3 trillion in economic welfare benefits.
Other proposed measures include early warning systems for extreme heat, climate-resilient drinking water, improved sanitation, access to handwashing facilities, and cleaner household cooking fuels.
Together, the six interventions could deliver an estimated US$3.9 trillion in annual economic welfare benefits and US$5.4 trillion in fiscal benefits if implemented at scale.
WHO also estimates that every US$1 invested in five of the interventions could generate approximately US$24 in benefits.
The findings highlight how climate policies can influence public health beyond reducing emissions, particularly through access to cleaner energy and essential services.
For Nigeria, where reliable water supply, sanitation, cleaner cooking options and preparedness for extreme heat remain important public-health concerns, the report reinforces the need to consider health outcomes in climate and development planning.
However, the projected benefits depend on governments implementing the interventions at scale. They are estimates, not guaranteed outcomes. WHO is urging countries to make health protection a stronger priority in climate policies and investment decisions.
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