With the use of marijuana on the rise as cannabis consumption also on the rise and intake being more prevalent among males of reproductive age, it becomes imperative to separate the probable effect of marijuana on male fertility. Use of marijuana is on the rise, which has raised attention towards its probable impact on fertility. While there are studies going on, effects of marijuana use on male fertility have been a subject of interest and, questions arise concerning its impact on sperm quality and quantity.
How Marijuana Could Affect Sperm:
Marijuana’s psychoactive, active component, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), has an effect on the endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors distributed throughout the body, including within the reproductive system. This effect is likely to disrupt multiple aspects of sperm function.
● Sperm Count: Some studies have suggested a possible link between marijuana use and lower sperm counts. Pacey et al (2014). However, the results have been inconsistent, and more research is needed to confirm this association. This complexity emanates from variations in study design, exposure levels, and individual differences.
● Sperm Motility: Motility refers to the ability of sperm to move and reach the egg. Research has indicated that marijuana use may impair sperm motility, potentially reducing the likelihood of fertilization. (Ryan KS et al 2021)
● Sperm Morphology: Marijuana may affect sperm morphology, which refers to the shape and size of sperm cells. Normal sperm morphology is crucial for successful fertilization. (Kelly S Payne et al., 2020).
● Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Studies have shown an association between marijuana use and increased DNA fragmentation in sperm. DNA fragmentation can impair sperm function and increase the risk of miscarriage or developmental issues in offspring.
● Hormonal Imbalance: Marijuana can interfere with hormone production, including testosterone,
While the effects of using marijuana are already mentioned, it is important to note that several factors can affect the reaction of an individual’s body system to marijuana. These include:
● Frequency and Duration of Use: The impact of marijuana on sperm quality may vary depending on the frequency and duration of use. Heavy and long-term use may have a more significant effect than occasional use.
● Individual Differences: The effects of marijuana can vary significantly between individuals due to factors such as genetics, overall health, and lifestyle.
● Other Lifestyle Factors: Other lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and exposure to environmental toxins, can also impact sperm quality and should be considered alongside marijuana.
Conclusion:
While research is ongoing, evidence suggests that marijuana use may have negative effects on male fertility, including reduced sperm count, motility, and morphology. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of these effects. Men concerned about their fertility should discuss their marijuana use with a healthcare provider and adopt healthy lifestyle habits to optimize their reproductive health.
Ryan KS, Bash JC, Hanna CB, Hedges JC, Lo JO. Effects of marijuana on reproductive health: preconception and gestational effects. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021 Dec 1;28(6):558-565. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000686. PMID: 34709212; PMCID: PMC8580253.
Payne KS, Mazur DJ, Hotaling JM, Pastuszak AW. Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review. J Urol. 2019 Oct;202(4):674-681. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000248. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 30916627; PMCID: PMC7385722.
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