By Evans Matthews
Hernia is one of the most common health issues affecting men globally, often causing discomfort and, in severe cases, life-threatening complications. While the condition can occur in anyone, men are more susceptible due to anatomical and lifestyle factors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of hernia surgeries are performed worldwide each year, with inguinal hernia—the type occurring in the groin—accounting for the majority of cases.
Understanding Hernia
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. In men, this often manifests as a visible bulge in the groin or abdominal area, sometimes accompanied by pain, especially when bending, coughing, or lifting heavy objects.
Dr. Michael Johnson, a general surgeon in the UK, explains: “The most common type in men is inguinal hernia, which happens when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. This weakness can be present at birth or develop later due to strain and pressure.”
Causes and Risk Factors
While hernias can have multiple causes, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing them. Common causes include:
- Weak abdominal muscles – congenital weakness or muscle deterioration with age.
- Heavy lifting – repeated strain without proper technique.
- Chronic cough or constipation – increases abdominal pressure.
- Obesity – extra weight places constant pressure on abdominal walls.
- Previous surgery – scars may weaken muscle areas.
Locally, in Nigeria and many African countries, hernia cases are sometimes linked to strenuous manual labour, poor nutrition, and delayed medical care. Dr. Chinyere Okafor, a Lagos-based physician, notes: “Many male patients present late because they think the swelling is harmless or because of cultural beliefs in traditional remedies. Unfortunately, untreated hernias can become strangulated, cutting off blood supply to the affected tissue.”
Symptoms to Watch For
- A bulge in the groin or abdomen
- Pain or discomfort during movement or lifting
- Burning or aching sensation at the bulge site
- Heaviness or pressure in the abdomen
- In severe cases, nausea, vomiting, or inability to pass stool (signs of a strangulated hernia)
Diagnosis and Treatment
A physical examination by a healthcare provider is often enough to diagnose a hernia, although imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans may be used for confirmation.
Treatment depends on severity. Small, painless hernias may simply be monitored, but surgery is the definitive treatment for most cases. There are two main surgical options:
- Open hernia repair (herniorrhaphy) – the surgeon makes an incision, pushes the protruding tissue back in place, and repairs the muscle wall.
- Laparoscopic surgery – minimally invasive, involving small incisions and faster recovery, though not suitable for all patients.
Globally, surgical outcomes are generally positive when done early. However, in low-resource settings, lack of access to skilled surgeons and facilities can delay treatment, leading to complications.
Recovery and Prevention
Post-surgery, most men can resume light activities within two weeks, but heavy lifting should be avoided for at least six weeks. Wearing supportive garments and following a balanced diet for healthy weight maintenance can aid recovery.
Preventive measures include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Exercising to strengthen core muscles
- Avoiding excessive strain when lifting
- Treating chronic cough or constipation promptly
Conclusion
Hernia in men is a treatable condition, but awareness and timely intervention are crucial. As Dr. Johnson emphasizes, “A hernia will not go away on its own; early diagnosis and proper treatment remain the safest path to full recovery.”
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