According to WHO, Heat-related mortality for people over 65 years of age increased by approximately 85% between 2000–2004 and 2017–2021. Between 2000 and 2019 studies show approximately 489 000 heat-related deaths occur each year, with 45% of these in Asia and 36% in Europe. (The Lancet 2023)
Heat stroke is a severe medical emergency that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system fails, leading to a dangerously high core temperature, typically exceeding 104°F (40°C). Unlike heat exhaustion, which is less severe, heat stroke can cause organ damage and even death if not treated promptly.
Heat stroke is a very serious medical crisis that happens when the body heat-regulating mechanism fails, which causes extremely elevated core temperature, usually higher than 104°F (40°C). Unlike mild heat exhaustion, heat stroke can cause damage to vital organs and can lead to death if not properly treated.
The body maintains its temperature through a complex thermoregulatory mechanism, primarily through sweating. (Eva V.O et al, 2023) When we are hot, our bodies make sweat that evaporates and cools the skin, letting out heat. The system relies on adequate fluid intake. Circulation also comes into play as blood vessels dilate to bring the heat to the skin surface for expulsion.
Dehydration significantly speeds up the danger of heat stroke. When the body lacks sufficient fluids, it cannot sweat sufficiently to cool itself. This malfunction causes the thermoregulatory mechanism to fail, and the body temperature begins to rise rapidly. The body’s internal organs are therefore subjected to an excess of heat, leading to cellular malfunction and damage.
Proper hydration is crucial for preventing heat stroke. Consuming adequate fluids, especially water, is essential, particularly during hot weather and physical exertion. Prioritizing hydration ensures the body can effectively cool itself and maintain a safe temperature. Electrolyte-rich drinks can also be beneficial during prolonged activity to replenish lost salts and minerals.
Recognizing the symptoms of heat stroke is essential for prompt intervention. These symptoms include:
● High body temperature: A core temperature above 104°F (40°C) is a primary indicator.
● Altered mental state: Confusion, disorientation, irritability, seizures, or even coma can occur.
● Hot, dry skin or excessive sweating: Skin may be dry in classic heat stroke, but exertional heat stroke can lead to profuse sweating.
● Nausea and vomiting: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common.
● Rapid, strong pulse or weak, rapid pulse: The heart works harder to circulate blood. (Marchand M, et al 2021)
● Headache: A throbbing headache may accompany other symptoms.
● Loss of consciousness: In severe cases, individuals may faint.
Understanding the link between hydration and heat stroke, and by diligently prioritizing fluid intake, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of this potentially fatal condition. Immediate medical attention is vital if heat stroke is suspected.
References:
Eva V. Osilla; Jennifer L. Marsidi; Karlie R. Shumway; Sandeep Sharma. Physiology, Temperature Regulation. July 30, 2023.
Henry Ford Health Staff “Are Electrolyte Drinks Really Worth It?” August 4, 2023 https://www.henryford.com/blog/2023/08/are-electrolyte-drinks-really-worth-it#:~:
Lancet Countdown: Heat-related Mortality. 2023. https://lancetcountdown.org/explore-our-data
Marchand M, Gin K. The Cardiovascular System in Heat Stroke. CJC Open. 2021 Oct 12;4(2):158-163. doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.10.002. PMID: 35198932; PMCID: PMC8843991.
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